- 目录
- 保温材料与建筑节能
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硅藻土/聚乙烯醇气凝胶复合保温材料的制备及性
作者：刘洪丽，李晓辉，安国庆，张斌，何翔，魏宁，宣玉杰
（天津城建大学 材料科学与工程学院，天津 300384）
摘要：采用溶胶-凝胶法，以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、硅藻土为原料，通过冷冻干燥技术制备了具有良好隔热性能、力学性能及防火性能的硅藻土/PVA气凝胶复合保温材料。通过SEM、比表面积及孔径分析（BET）研究了不同含量硅藻土对复合保温材料微观形貌及孔结构的影响规律，并就材料的导热性能、力学性能和阻燃性能进行了测试分析。结果表明：所制备的硅藻土/PVA气凝胶复合材料具有三维网状结构，硅藻土颗粒均匀分布在具有气凝胶状结构的PVA基体中；当硅藻土掺量为30%时，复合材料的比表面积为153 m2/g，密度为0.13 g/cm3，导热系数为0.038 W/（m·K），抗压强度为0.61 MPa，LOI值为76.6%。
关键词：硅藻土；聚乙烯醇气凝胶；力学性能；导热性能；防火性能
中图分类号：TU55+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-702X（2018）10-0072-05
Preparation and properties research of diatomite/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel composite insulation materials
LIU Hongli，LI Xiaohui，AN Guoqing，ZHANG Bin，HE Xiang，WEI Ning，XUAN Yujie
（Materials Science and Engineering，Tianjin Urban Construction Institute，Tianjin 300384，China）
Abstract：Using polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） and diatomite as raw materials，a new diatomite/PVA aerogel composite material with good thermal insulation，mechanical properties and fire resistance was prepared by the method of sol-gel. The influence law of diatomite content on the microstructure and pore structure of composites was studied by SEM and BET，then the thermal conductivity，mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the composites were tested and analyzed. The results show that the prepared diatomite/PVA aerogel composite has a three-dimensional network structure，and diatomite particles are uniformly distributed in the PVA matrix which has aerogel structure. When the content of diatomite was 30%，the specific surface area，density，thermal conductivity，compressive strength and LOI value of the composites were 153 m2/g，0.13 g/cm3 and 0.038 W/（m·K），0.61 MPa，and 76.6%，respectively.
Key words：diatomite，polyvinyl alcohol aerogel，mechanical properties，thermal conductivity，fire resistance